Introduction
Textile fibres are the basic raw materials used to manufacture yarn and fabric. They are selected according to strength, comfort, absorbency, durability, cost and end-use requirements.
Classification of Textile Fibres
Textile fibres are broadly classified into natural fibres and man-made fibres.
1. Natural Fibres
Natural fibres are obtained from plants, animals or minerals.
- Cotton: A plant fibre known for absorbency and comfort.
- Jute: A bast fibre commonly used in sacks, bags and home textiles.
- Wool: An animal fibre valued for warmth and insulation.
- Silk: A natural filament fibre known for lustre and smoothness.
- Flax: A plant fibre used to produce linen textiles.
2. Man-Made Fibres
Man-made fibres are produced through industrial processes. They include regenerated fibres and synthetic fibres.
- Viscose: A regenerated cellulose fibre with a soft handle.
- Polyester: A synthetic fibre known for durability and dimensional stability.
- Nylon: A strong synthetic fibre used in apparel and technical textiles.
- Acrylic: A synthetic fibre often used as a wool alternative.
- Elastane: A stretch fibre used in blended fabrics.
Factors for Selecting Textile Fibres
Fibre selection depends on comfort, strength, moisture management, appearance, care requirements, cost and sustainability considerations.
Conclusion
Each fibre has different characteristics and applications. Understanding fibre properties helps in yarn selection and fabric development. Read our guide to Different Types of Fabric for more information.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the two main classes of textile fibres?
Natural fibres and man-made fibres.
2. Is polyester a natural fibre?
No. Polyester is a synthetic man-made fibre.
3. What is a regenerated fibre?
It is a man-made fibre produced by processing natural polymer materials, such as cellulose.
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